Forged flanges with the best mechanical properties

　　Flanges and plates are cut into strips, then processed through a volume reduction process. Cold rolling and hot rolling are used. They are processed into a circular shape, then features such as bolt holes are processed. This is generally for large flanges; the maximum size that can be produced is 7 meters. If sectional production is used, sizes of 12 to 15 meters or more can be produced.

　　Forged flanges offer the best mechanical properties. The raw material is typically a steel billet, which is heated and then repeatedly struck in a mold after cutting. This eliminates segregation, porosity, and internal defects such as air pockets in the billet. Therefore, forged flanges have good pressure and temperature resistance and are generally suitable for high-temperature and high-pressure environments.

　　Aging treatment: To eliminate changes in size and shape that occur in precision measuring tools, molds, and parts due to prolonged use, after low-temperature tempering (150-250℃), the workpiece is heated to 100-150℃ and held for 5-20 hours. This stabilizes the quality of precision parts processing and is called aging. Aging treatment is particularly important for eliminating residual stress and stabilizing the microstructure and dimensions of steel components under low-temperature or dynamic load conditions. Stress relieving of elbows: Heating the elbow to a certain temperature and holding it for a period of time, then allowing it to cool slowly, is called annealing.